Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

12 Aug 2015Russell J de Souza, assistant professor, Andrew Mente, associate professor, Adriana Maroleanu, research volunteer, Adrian I Cozma, medical student, Vanessa Ha, doctoral student, Teruko Kishibe, information specialist, Elizabeth Uleryk, information specialist, Patrick Budylowski, research volunteer, Holger Schünemann, professor of medicine and department chair, Joseph Beyene, professor of biostatistics, Sonia S Anand, professor of medicine and epidemiology

Saturated fats are not associated with all cause mortality, CVD, CHD, ischemic stroke, or type 2 diabetes, but the evidence is heterogeneous with methodological limitations. Trans fats are associated with all cause mortality, total CHD, and CHD mortality, probably because of higher levels of intake of industrial trans fats than ruminant trans fats

Meta Analysis
6 effects

Reported Outcomes

DeterminantsOutcomeDetails

Unsaturated fat Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Protective Factor Unsaturated fat
Nutrition

Coronary Heart Disease (Ischaemic Heart Disease) Cardiovascular outcome
Minor decreased risk of Coronary Heart Diseas...
Cardiovascular system

Moderate evidence
-17.0%

Processed Foods Nutrition risk & protective factor
Risk Factor Processed Foods
Nutrition

Mortality Musculoskeletal outcome
Increased risk of Mortality
Musculoskeletal system

High evidence
34.0%

Saturated Fat Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Risk Factor Saturated Fat
Nutrition

Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular outcome
Minor increase risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular system

Low evidence
17.0%

Saturated Fat Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Risk Factor Saturated Fat
Nutrition

Heart Attack (Myocardial infarction - ACS) Cardiovascular outcome
Minor increase risk of Heart Attack (Myocard...
Cardiovascular system

Low evidence
17.0%

Processed Foods Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Risk Factor Processed Foods
Nutrition

Coronary Heart Disease (Ischaemic Heart Disease) Cardiovascular outcome
Minor increase risk of Coronary Heart Diseas...
Cardiovascular system

High evidence
18.0%

Cow milk (A1 β-casein) Beverage risk & protective factor
Protective Factor Cow milk (A1 β-casein)
Beverage

Type 2 Diabetes Lymphatic outcome
Decreased risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Lymphatic system

High evidence
-42.0%