The possible role of female sex hormones in milk from pregnant cows in the development of breast, ovarian and corpus uteri cancers

13 Jun 2005Davaasambuu Ganmaa, Akio Sato

In conclusion, increased consumption of animal-derived food may have adverse effects on the development of hormone-dependent cancers. Among dietary risk factors, we are most concerned with milk and dairy products, because the milk we drink today is produced from pregnant cows, in which estrogen and progesterone levels are markedly elevated.

Case-control study
8 effects

Reported Outcomes

DeterminantsOutcomeDetails

Cheese Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Risk Factor Cheese
Nutrition

Breast Cancer Reproductive outcome
Minor increase risk of Breast Cancer
Reproductive system

Moderate evidence
75.0%

Cow milk (A1 β-casein) Beverage risk & protective factor
Risk Factor Cow milk (A1 β-casein)
Beverage

Ovary cancer Reproductive outcome
Increased risk of Ovary cancer
Reproductive system

High evidence
78.0%

Red Meat Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Risk Factor Red Meat
Nutrition

Breast Cancer Reproductive outcome
Minor increase risk of Breast Cancer
Reproductive system

Moderate evidence
82.0%

Saturated Fat Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Risk Factor Saturated Fat
Nutrition

Ovary cancer Reproductive outcome
Minor increase risk of Ovary cancer
Reproductive system

Moderate evidence
71.0%

Cheese Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Risk Factor Cheese
Nutrition

Ovary cancer Reproductive outcome
Minor increase risk of Ovary cancer
Reproductive system

Moderate evidence
69.7%

Cow milk (A1 β-casein) Beverage risk & protective factor
Minor Risk Factor Cow milk (A1 β-casein)
Beverage

Uterine Cancer Reproductive outcome
Minor increase risk of Uterine Cancer
Reproductive system

Moderate evidence
81.0%

Cheese Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Risk Factor Cheese
Nutrition

Uterine Cancer Reproductive outcome
Minor increase risk of Uterine Cancer
Reproductive system

Moderate evidence
78.0%

Cow milk (A1 β-casein) Beverage risk & protective factor
Minor Risk Factor Cow milk (A1 β-casein)
Beverage

Breast Cancer Reproductive outcome
Minor increase risk of Breast Cancer
Reproductive system

Moderate evidence
81.7%