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Whole‐grain intake and cancer: An expanded...

Whole‐grain intake and cancer: An expanded review and meta‐analysis

04 Aug 2009David R. Jacobs Jr. , Leonard Marquart , Joanne Slavin & Lawrence H. Kushi

The case‐control evidence is supportive of the hypothesis that whole‐grain intake protects against various cancers.

Systematic review
5 effects

Reported Outcomes

DeterminantsOutcomeDetails

Whole grains Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Protective Factor Whole grains
Nutrition

Breast Cancer Reproductive outcome
Minor decreased risk of Breast Cancer
Reproductive system

High evidence
-14.0%

Whole grains Nutrition risk & protective factor
Protective Factor Whole grains
Nutrition

Thyroid cancer Endocrine outcome
Decreased risk of Thyroid cancer
Endocrine system

High evidence
-50.0%

Whole grains Nutrition risk & protective factor
Protective Factor Whole grains
Nutrition

Pancreatic cancer Digestive outcome
Decreased risk of Pancreatic cancer
Digestive system

High evidence
-60.0%

Whole grains Nutrition risk & protective factor
Minor Protective Factor Whole grains
Nutrition

Prostate Cancer Reproductive outcome
Minor decreased risk of Prostate Cancer
Reproductive system

High evidence
-10.0%

Whole grains Nutrition risk & protective factor
Protective Factor Whole grains
Nutrition

Colorectal Cancer Digestive outcome
Decreased risk of Colorectal Cancer
Digestive system

High evidence
-50.0%

Risk Factors

NutritionBeveragesHerbsSelf-careContaminantsManufactured

Outcomes

Physical PerformanceBrain & Mental HealthCardiovascularDigestiveEndocrine & HormonesIntergumentary
Lymphatic & Immune systemMaternityRespiratoryReproductiveSensoryUrinary & Kidney

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