Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Risk Factors, and Impact on Quality of Life—A Population-based Study

Eslick, Guy D. PhD, MMedSc (Clin Epi), MMedStat* †; Talley, Nicholas J. MD, PhD, FACG, FRCP, FRACP† ‡

Cardiac risk factors (high cholesterol and smoking) were independently associated with GERD.

Cohort Study

1 effect

1000 subjects

Causes	Outcome	Certainty
Smoking Contaminant	Minor increase risk of Acid Reflux Digestive system	High evidence 11.0%