Causes of LDL : Reducing Your Risk

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein. These groups, from least dense (largest particles) to most dense (smallest particles), are chylomicrons, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

LDL particles pose a risk for cardiovascular disease when they invade the endothelium and become oxidized, since the oxidized forms are more easily retained by the proteoglycans. A complex set of biochemical reactions regulates the oxidation of LDL particles, chiefly stimulated by presence of necrotic cell debris and free radicals in the endothelium.

LDL particles (though far different from cholesterol per se) are sometimes referred to as bad cholesterol because they can transport their content of lipid molecules into artery walls, attract macrophages, and thus drive atherosclerosis.

Lymphatic

23 causes

Protective Factors	Studies
Protective Factor Red Yeast Rice Nutrition	2 studies Effect of Xuezhikang, an Extract From Red Yeast Chinese Rice, on Co... Study in 2008 -27% with High evidence in 4 years 5,000 subjects Xuezhikang, an extract of cholestin, decreases plasma inflammatory ... Study in 2007 -26% with Moderate evidence in 3 months 36 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Cinnamon Herb	2 studies Cinnamon Improves Glucose and Lipids of People With Type 2 Diabetes Study in 2003 -17% with High evidence in 40 days 60 subjects Cinnamon Use in Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and M... Study in 2013 -9% with High evidence 543 subjects
Minor Protective Factor High Intensity Interva... Selfcare	1 study Sex differences in the effects of 12 weeks sprint interval training... Study in 2016 -8% with High evidence in 12 weeks 41 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Cacao Nutrition	1 study Regular consumption of a flavanol-rich chocolate can improve oxidan... Study in 2005 -15% with Moderate evidence in 14 days 28 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Legumes (beans, peas, ... Nutrition	1 study Non-soy legume consumption lowers cholesterol levels: A meta-analys... Study in 2011 -4% with High evidence in 4 weeks 268 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Ketogenic diet Nutrition	1 study The Effects of a High-protein, Low-fat, Ketogenic Diet on Adolescen... -11% with Moderate evidence 6 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Avocado Nutrition	1 study Effect of a Moderate Fat Diet With and Without Avocados on Lipoprot... Study in 2017 -10% with Moderate evidence in 5 weeks 45 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Garlic (Allium sativum) Nutrition	1 study Independent beneficial effects of aged garlic extract intake with r... -3% with High evidence in 12 weeks 30 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Olive oil Nutrition	1 study Scientific evidence of the benefits of virgin olive oil for human h... Study in 2014 -2% with High evidence in 2 months 200 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Green Tea Beverage	2 studies Prospective double-blind crossover study of Camellia sinensis (gree... Study in 2009 -4% with Moderate evidence in 16 weeks 33 subjects Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-a... Study in 2008 -1% with High evidence
Minor Protective Factor Yoga Selfcare	2 studies Effects of yoga on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systemati... Study in 2014 -5% with Moderate evidence in 6 months 3,168 subjects Retardation of coronary atherosclerosis with yoga lifestyle interve... Study in 2010 -1% with Low evidence in 1 year 42 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Red Wine Beverage	1 study Effects of red wine polyphenols and alcohol on glucose metabolism a... Study in 2013 -4% with Moderate evidence in 4 weeks 67 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Whole grains Nutrition	1 study Intake of whole grains, refined grains, and cereal fiber measured w... Study in 2006 -4% with Moderate evidence in 10 years
Minor Protective Factor Moderate Exercise Selfcare	1 study The benefits of physical activity for health and well-being -1% with High evidence
Minor Protective Factor Flaxseeds Nutrition	1 study Flaxseed as a functional food source Study in 2001 -3% with Moderate evidence
Minor Protective Factor Blood Donation Selfcare	1 study Effects of phlebotomy-induced reduction of body iron stores on meta... Study in 2012 -6% with Low evidence in 6 weeks 64 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Fruits Nutrition	1 study Fruit consumption, fitness, and cardiovascular health in female ado... Study in 1998 -1% with Moderate evidence 86 subjects

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Risk Factors	Studies
Minor Risk Factor Panax Ginseng Herb	1 study Ginseng therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Study in 1995 +63% with Moderate evidence in 6 months 36 subjects
Minor Risk Factor Coffee (Caffeine) Beverage	1 study Association of coffee consumption with serum adiponectin, leptin, i... Study in 2012 +5% with Moderate evidence 3,317 subjects