Causes of Colorectal Cancer : Reducing Your Risk

Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool, a change in bowel movements, weight loss, and feeling tired all the time

Digestive

42 causes

Protective Factors	Studies
Protective Factor Aspirin Manufactured	3 studies Aspirin Use and Lung, Colon, and Breast Cancer Incidence in a Prosp... Study in 1994 -65% with High evidence in 12 years 3 months 12,668 subjects Aspirin use and reduced risk of fatal colon cancer Study in 1991 -50% with High evidence in 4 years 662,424 subjects Aspirin Use and Risk of Fatal Cancer Study in 1993 -40% with High evidence in 10 years 635,031 subjects
Protective Factor Fruits Nutrition	2 studies Fruit, Vegetables, Dietary Fiber, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Study in 2001 -65% with High evidence in 9 years 7 months 61,463 subjects Relation of meat, fat and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer ... Study in 1990 -28% with High evidence in 6 years 88,751 subjects
Protective Factor Vegetables Nutrition	2 studies Fruit, Vegetables, Dietary Fiber, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Study in 2001 -65% with High evidence in 9 years 7 months 61,463 subjects Relation of meat, fat and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer ... Study in 1990 -22% with High evidence in 6 years 88,751 subjects
Protective Factor Whole grains Nutrition	2 studies Whole‐grain intake and cancer: An expanded review and meta‐analysis Study in 2009 -50% with High evidence in 10 years Relation of meat, fat and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer ... Study in 1990 -26% with High evidence in 6 years 88,751 subjects
Protective Factor Garlic (Allium sativum) Nutrition	1 study Garlic consumption and cancer prevention: meta-analyses of colorect... Study in 2000 -31% with High evidence in 4 years 8,518 subjects
Protective Factor Moderate Exercise Selfcare	1 study The benefits of physical activity for health and well-being -30% with High evidence
Minor Protective Factor Fish & SeaFood rich in... Nutrition	1 study Relation of meat, fat and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer ... Study in 1990 -25% with High evidence in 6 years 88,751 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Purple Cabbage Nutrition	1 study Cruciferous vegetables intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a ... Study in 2012 -24% with High evidence in 20 years 1,295,063 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Coffee (Caffeine) Beverage	2 studies Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic revi... Study in 2008 -38% with Moderate evidence in 10 years 646,848 subjects Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic revi... Study in 2008 -9% with High evidence in 10 years 646,848 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Cruciferous vegetables Nutrition	1 study Cruciferous vegetables intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a ... Study in 2012 -18% with High evidence in 20 years 1,295,063 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Broccoli Nutrition	1 study Cruciferous vegetables intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a ... Study in 2012 -18% with High evidence in 20 years 1,295,063 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Mediterranean diet Nutrition	1 study Effects on Health Outcomes of a Mediterranean Diet With No Restrict... Study in 2016 -9% with High evidence in 10 years 465,106 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Soy Nutrition	1 study Soy Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Humans: A Meta-Analysis Study in 2010 -21% with Moderate evidence in 10 years
Minor Protective Factor Contraceptive pills Manufactured	1 study Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Breast, Cervical, Colorectal, an... Study in 2013 -14% with Moderate evidence in 10 years
Minor Protective Factor Walnuts Nutrition	1 study Effects of Walnut Consumption on Colon Carcinogenesis and Microbial... Study in 2016 -30% with Low evidence
Minor Protective Factor Olive oil Nutrition	1 study Olive oil intake is inversely related to cancer prevalence: a syste... Study in 2011 -12% with Low evidence in 4 years 37,140 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Andrographis paniculata Herb	1 study Anticancer and immunostimulatory compounds from Andrographis panicu... Study in 2004 -11% with Low evidence
Minor Protective Factor Nuts & Peanuts Nutrition	1 study Higher nut intake is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular... Study in 2016 -1% with High evidence in 10 years 819,448 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Ginger Herb	1 study Edible ginger-derived nanoparticles: A novel therapeutic approach f... Study in 2016 -3% with Low evidence
Minor Protective Factor Fresh Chili Peppers (C... Herb	1 study Involvement of AMPK Signaling Cascade in Capsaicin-Induced Apoptosi... -1% with Low evidence

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Risk Factors	Studies
Strong Risk Factor Obesity Musculoskeletal system	2 studies The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: ... Study in 2008 +95% with High evidence Body Fatness and Cancer — Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group +30% with High evidence
Risk Factor Inflammatory bowel di... Digestive system	1 study Declining Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: ... Study in 2013 +70% with High evidence in 10 years
Risk Factor Sedentary Lifestyle Selfcare	1 study Television Viewing and Time Spent Sedentary in Relation to Cancer R... Study in 2015 +54% with High evidence in 20 years 68,936 subjects
Risk Factor Processed Meat Nutrition	3 studies Relation of meat, fat and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer ... Study in 1990 +86% with High evidence in 6 years 88,751 subjects Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. Study in 2015 +18% with High evidence in 22 years Potential health hazards of eating red meat Study in 2016 +18% with Moderate evidence
Risk Factor Smoking Contaminant	1 study Tobacco smoking and cancer: A meta-analysis Study in 2007 +40% with High evidence in 13 years
Risk Factor Saturated Fat Nutrition	1 study Relation of meat, fat and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer ... Study in 1990 +39% with High evidence in 6 years 88,751 subjects
Risk Factor Blood Sugar - Hypergl... Lymphatic system	1 study Fasting Serum Glucose Level and Cancer Risk in Korean Men and Women Study in 2005 +31% with High evidence in 10 years 1,298,385 subjects
Minor Risk Factor Alcohol Beverage	2 studies A meta-analysis of alcohol drinking and cancer risk Study in 2001 +38% with High evidence in 34 years 117,000 subjects Moderate Alcohol Intake and Cancer Incidence in Women Study in 2009 +10% with High evidence 1 subjects
Minor Risk Factor Type 2 Diabetes Lymphatic system	1 study Diabetes Mellitus and the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer: An Update... Study in 2012 +26% with High evidence 3,659,341 subjects
Minor Risk Factor Type 1 Diabetes Lymphatic system	1 study Diabetes Mellitus and the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer: An Update... Study in 2012 +26% with High evidence 3,659,341 subjects
Minor Risk Factor Prolonged Sitting Selfcare	1 study Television Viewing and Time Spent Sedentary in Relation to Cancer R... Study in 2015 +24% with High evidence in 20 years 68,936 subjects
Minor Risk Factor Artificial Insulin Manufactured	1 study Diabetes Mellitus and the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer: An Update... Study in 2012 +61% with Moderate evidence in 15 years 3,659,341 subjects
Minor Risk Factor Red Meat Nutrition	4 studies Relation of meat, fat and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer ... Study in 1990 +149% with High evidence in 6 yrs 88,751 subjects Potential health hazards of eating red meat Study in 2016 +18% with Moderate evidence Heme Iron from Meat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis ... Study in 2011 +18% with High evidence in 10 years 566,607 subjects Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat. Study in 2015 +17% with High evidence in 22 years
Minor Protective Factor Height Musculoskeletal system	2 studies Adult Stature and Risk of Cancer at Different Anatomic Sites in a C... Study in 2013 +17% with High evidence 144,701 subjects Association between Adult Height and Risk of Colorectal, Lung, and ... Study in 2016 +12% with High evidence 62 subjects
Minor Risk Factor Refined grains Nutrition	1 study Refined and whole grain cereals and the risk of oral, oesophageal a... Study in 2000 +40% with Moderate evidence in 10 years 156 subjects
Minor Protective Factor Insulin-like Human Gr... Endocrine system	1 study Association between Adult Height and Risk of Colorectal, Lung, and ... Study in 2016 +12% with Low evidence 62 subjects
Minor Risk Factor Food Emulsifier Manufactured	1 study Dietary emulsifier-induced low-grade inflammation promotes colon ca... Study in 2016 +11% with Low evidence

Outcomes	References
Risk Factor Mortality Musculoskeletal system	1 study Cancer statistics, 2015 Study in 2015 +35% with High evidence in 4 years 2,247,800 subjects

There are 20 factors preventing Colorectal Cancer, including:

Protective Factor AspirinManufactured

Protective Factor FruitsNutrition

Protective Factor VegetablesNutrition

Protective Factor Whole grainsNutrition

Protective Factor Garlic (Allium sativum)Nutrition

Protective Factor Moderate ExerciseSelfcare

Minor Protective Factor Fish & SeaFood rich in...Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Purple CabbageNutrition

Minor Protective Factor Coffee (Caffeine)Beverage

Minor Protective Factor Cruciferous vegetablesNutrition

Minor Protective Factor BroccoliNutrition

Minor Protective Factor Mediterranean dietNutrition

Minor Protective Factor SoyNutrition

Minor Protective Factor Contraceptive pillsManufactured

Minor Protective Factor WalnutsNutrition

Minor Protective Factor Olive oilNutrition

Minor Protective Factor Andrographis paniculataHerb

Minor Protective Factor Nuts & PeanutsNutrition

Minor Protective Factor GingerHerb

Minor Protective Factor Fresh Chili Peppers (C...Herb

There are 17 factors increasing Colorectal Cancer, including:

Strong Risk Factor ObesityMusculoskeletal system

Risk Factor Inflammatory bowel di...Digestive system

Risk Factor Sedentary LifestyleSelfcare

Risk Factor Processed MeatNutrition

Risk Factor SmokingContaminant

Risk Factor Saturated FatNutrition

Risk Factor Blood Sugar - Hypergl...Lymphatic system

Minor Risk Factor AlcoholBeverage

Minor Risk Factor Type 2 DiabetesLymphatic system

Minor Risk Factor Type 1 DiabetesLymphatic system

Minor Risk Factor Prolonged SittingSelfcare

Minor Risk Factor Artificial InsulinManufactured

Minor Risk Factor Red MeatNutrition

Minor Protective Factor HeightMusculoskeletal system

Minor Risk Factor Refined grainsNutrition

Minor Protective Factor Insulin-like Human Gr...Endocrine system

Minor Risk Factor Food EmulsifierManufactured

Possible outcomes of Colorectal Cancer

Risk Factor MortalityMusculoskeletal system

Protective Factor Aspirin
Manufactured

Protective Factor Fruits
Nutrition

Protective Factor Vegetables
Nutrition

Protective Factor Whole grains
Nutrition

Protective Factor Garlic (Allium sativum)
Nutrition

Protective Factor Moderate Exercise
Selfcare

Minor Protective Factor Fish & SeaFood rich in...
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Purple Cabbage
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Coffee (Caffeine)
Beverage

Minor Protective Factor Cruciferous vegetables
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Broccoli
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Mediterranean diet
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Soy
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Contraceptive pills
Manufactured

Minor Protective Factor Walnuts
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Olive oil
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Andrographis paniculata
Herb

Minor Protective Factor Nuts & Peanuts
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Ginger
Herb

Minor Protective Factor Fresh Chili Peppers (C...
Herb

Strong Risk Factor Obesity
Musculoskeletal system

Risk Factor Inflammatory bowel di...
Digestive system

Risk Factor Sedentary Lifestyle
Selfcare

Risk Factor Processed Meat
Nutrition

Risk Factor Smoking
Contaminant

Risk Factor Saturated Fat
Nutrition

Risk Factor Blood Sugar - Hypergl...
Lymphatic system

Minor Risk Factor Alcohol
Beverage

Minor Risk Factor Type 2 Diabetes
Lymphatic system

Minor Risk Factor Type 1 Diabetes
Lymphatic system

Minor Risk Factor Prolonged Sitting
Selfcare

Minor Risk Factor Artificial Insulin
Manufactured

Minor Risk Factor Red Meat
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Height
Musculoskeletal system

Minor Risk Factor Refined grains
Nutrition

Minor Protective Factor Insulin-like Human Gr...
Endocrine system

Minor Risk Factor Food Emulsifier
Manufactured

Risk Factor Mortality
Musculoskeletal system